Foot arthritis is a common condition that can cause pain, stiffness, and swelling, making everyday activities like walking or standing uncomfortable. Arthritis in the foot can occur in different forms, but the two most common types are osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis. Understanding what causes foot arthritis and how to manage it can help you maintain mobility and reduce discomfort.
What Causes Foot Arthritis?
Arthritis is a condition that affects the joints, leading to inflammation and deterioration of cartilage. The foot has 33 joints, making it particularly susceptible to arthritis-related issues. The two main types of arthritis that affect the foot are:
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is often referred to as “wear and tear” arthritis. It occurs when the cartilage that cushions the joints gradually wears away, causing bones to rub against each other. This can lead to pain, swelling, and reduced joint movement. OA in the foot commonly affects the big toe, the midfoot, and the ankle.
Risk factors for osteoarthritis in the foot include:
- Aging – As we get older, our cartilage naturally breaks down.
- Previous injuries – Fractures, sprains, or other foot injuries can increase the risk of developing OA.
- Repetitive stress – Activities that put excessive strain on the foot, like running or standing for long periods, can contribute to joint wear and tear.
- Obesity – Carrying excess weight increases stress on the foot joints.
- Genetics – A family history of osteoarthritis may increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Inflammatory Arthritis
Unlike osteoarthritis, which develops gradually, inflammatory arthritis is an autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own joints. This leads to inflammation, pain, and potential joint damage.
The most common forms of inflammatory arthritis affecting the foot include:
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) – A chronic autoimmune disease that can cause swelling, pain, and deformities in the foot.
- Psoriatic arthritis – Often associated with psoriasis, this type of arthritis can cause painful swelling in the toes and feet.
- Gout – A form of arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, often affecting the big toe.
Risk factors for inflammatory arthritis include genetics, immune system dysfunction, and certain lifestyle factors, such as diet (in the case of gout).
What Can You Do About Foot Arthritis?
While arthritis is a chronic condition, there are many ways to manage symptoms and improve mobility. Here are some effective treatment options:
1. Lifestyle Modifications
- Weight Management – Reducing excess weight can decrease stress on the foot joints and alleviate pain.
- Activity Adjustments – Switching to low-impact exercises like swimming or cycling can help maintain joint mobility without adding stress.
- Supportive Footwear – Shoes with good arch support, cushioning, and a wide toe box can reduce pressure on arthritic joints.
2. Physical Therapy & Exercises
A physical therapist can guide you through exercises to strengthen foot muscles, improve flexibility, and enhance joint stability. Simple stretches and range-of-motion exercises can help maintain function and reduce stiffness.
3. Medications
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help reduce pain and swelling.
- Corticosteroids may be prescribed for severe inflammation.
- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) can slow the progression of inflammatory arthritis conditions like RA.
4. Orthotics & Assistive Devices
- Custom orthotic inserts can provide additional support and relieve joint pressure.
- Braces or shoe modifications may be recommended to improve alignment and function.
5. Medical Procedures & Surgery
For severe cases, surgical interventions like joint fusion (arthrodesis) or joint replacement may be necessary to restore function and reduce pain.
Final Thoughts
Foot arthritis can be challenging, but with proper management, many people continue to stay active and maintain a good quality of life. If you’re experiencing persistent foot pain or stiffness, consulting a podiatrist like Dr. Wright can help you develop a treatment plan tailored to your needs. Don’t let arthritis keep you from enjoying the activities you love—take steps today to care for your feet and preserve mobility!